How to Squat!

Is the squat for you? It has also been noted in literature that squats isn't for everyone because their are those in which their body mechanics are structured differently, thereby, making a squatting position dangerous since their bodies cannot accommodate. For example, long limbs, joint immobility and even having "flat feet" (like myself). Flat feet places additional stress on the joints and lower back. However, do not limit yourself to your own body-mechanics. If you do you will not reach your full and realized potential. When I include squats in my routine it is almost always first (unless I am pre-exhausting with leg extensions first) and always used for increasing power, strength and mass.
Squat Tools - Use but do not Abuse!
Wear a lifting belt. A lifting belt keeps your back supported, tight and in line with the rest of your body. It's your back support for executing this terrific exercise. Training smart means training safe. Wear a lifting belt - on your first set - and then take it off on your last couple of sets (that is, if you are pyramiding your training in Reverse)! BUT do not abuse this tool along with other fine tools, e.g., lifting straps and knee wraps. If you rely on lifting tools to assist lift the weight, rather than your stabilizers, they will become weak, vulnerable and you will become prone to injury!
Squat Execution
Place your feet flat on the floor. Some will use a block to place under their heels. No. It's either feet flat on the floor or no squats at all. Placing a block under your heels actually places more (not less) pressure on the knees since a block forces the body to lean forward. Placing a block under your heels comes from the old school of thought (70s) and you are kidding yourself it is safer and thinking you can handle heavier poundages. Take a foot stance that feels comfortable for you - usually shoulder width. For a conventional or "bodybuilding" feet and knee placement point your feet and toes forward to help stabilize your body. Make sure your knees remain over your toes at all times! This conventional stance of pointing the toes forward and keeping the knees aligned over your toes throughout the range of motion will help emphasize your thighs and not your knees. If you have long legs you might consider taking a "powerlifting" wide stance with toes pointed out while keeping the knees aligned over your toes. This stance will not only utilize your thighs but your hips as well.
Next, place the bar over your trapezius muscle, not over your neck. The bar should be placed as far back as possible on the traps for the weight to be distributed properly for a safe execution. Place your hands around the bar and take a grip comfortable for you to help keep the weight balanced and stabilized. Now thrust your hips forward (do not stick your butt out), pull in your abdominals, and keep your lower back in a near neutral position (a slightly arched back might be unavoidable) - as much as possible. Like in bent-over barbell rows tighten your whole body when you perform the squat. Not only will your legs and hips assist lifting the weight but your whole body will: chest, abs, arms and back. Like with any exercise you perform make sure your whole body is tight and stable. This is the key to performing more reps with a lot of weight!
Controlling Your Movements
In a controlled manner slowly lower yourself (hips or butt first) down and back (not forward) to a near or parallel (not below parallel) position. The weight should be distributed on your upper thighs and the heels or balls of your feet, neither your toes nor your knees. But don't go so far back where you lose balance and fall over backwards! From this weight distribution push up off your heels and lift the weight utilizing everything in your body while maintaining good, proper and safe form: your upper thighs, calves, hamstrings, lower back, chest, back, arms and abs - most every part in the whole body except your knees! Throughout the whole movement your back should be between a 90 and 45-degree angle for safe execution.
Do not lock out at the top in an effort to continue to build continuous tension in your thighs. If you wish to lock out at the top of the movement make sure you flex your thighs hard for a pause for peak contraction. If rest is inescapable during the set then by all means rest! But don't rest too long as this will create additional stress on the lower back and begin to tighten up. Rest at the top of the movement near completion of the set to catch your breath so you can crank out more reps!
Keeping the upper body tight and secure is the big key to improving squats or any other squat exercise ? even leg presses. During a maximum set of squats your breathing will be heavy, your body will be tight and your quads will be shaking, like a trembling tremor quake! After you've squatted your first or two sets, whether with heavy weight, low reps or light weight, high reps you will be gasping for air, taking you 5 or more minutes to catch your breath! You can accelerate your cardio to the MAX in only one or two sets of squats if you are tight, secure and focused! People don't know what they are missing without squatting - build muscle, burn fat & increase cardio at the same time!

100% Beef Aminos

Today I like to talk about the best Amino in the world.that is 100% Beef Aminos Universal Nutrition. 100% Beef Aminos is a high potency blend of superior beef amino acids derived from the highest quality beef protein isolate, beef albumin concentrate and Argentine beef liver. Each tablet contains a full spectrum of highly concentrated amino acids, as well as many other necessary and essential nutrients. Each serving provides a diverse source of amino acids extracted solely from premium beef sources. When 100% Beef Aminos is taken prior to each meal, it significantly increases daily amino intake. 100% Beef Aminos harnesses the anabolic potential of beef, and in turn provides ideal support for adding muscle mass to the body. 100% Beef Aminos is a great way to tap into all the advantages of beef, without suffering from any of the disadvantages, such as the high fat content. while I use Beef Aminos then I feel it in my muscles, actually that is amazing Amino.

Alpha Lipoic Acid !

Other Names of ALA

Lipoic acid
Thioctic acid
1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid
1,2-dithiolane-3-valeric acid
6,8-thioctic acid

The History of ALA

ALA was isolated in 1950 by Dr. Lester Reed of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Texas. From 1950 until the late 1980's, ALA was only looked at for its effect on glucose. But in the late 1980's, researchers discovered its powerful antioxidant properties. ALA as a Antioxidant. ALA is also known as "The Universal Antioxidant". It is known as this, because it is both water and fat soluble and can pass the brain blood barrier. This means it can be used throughout the body: muscles, fat, organs, brain. It also works on the inside and outside of cells, allowing it to destroy free radicals before the get into cells and once they are already in (1).

Antioxidants

Antioxidants are molecules that neutralize free radicals. Free radicals are molecules that are missing an electron. This gives them a strong electro-negativity or want to fill their electron shell. To complete their shell and become positive, free radicals will take an electron from another molecule or give an electron to another molecule. The molecule that gained or loss an electron is now a free radical. This is called oxidation. The new free radical now looks to make itself positive. It finds another molecule and completes oxidation. This sets off a chain reaction which can harm many molecules. Antioxidants stop this chain reaction from taking place. Some antioxidants give the free radicals an electron. Others destroy the free radical. Free radicals can cause a variety of negative effects, so it is important to get rid of them. Fruits and vegetables are known for their antioxidants.

Not only is ALA a powerful antioxidant itself, but can also enhance the effectiveness of other antioxidants such as vitamin C and E, glutathoine, and coenzyme Q10. Antioxidants are either in reduced or oxidized form. An antioxidant is in its reduced form when it has an extra electron to give. Once an antioxidant has come into contact with a free radical, they return to their oxidized form. ALA gives up its extra electron to oxidized glutathoine or vitamin C, returning them to their reduced form where they can fight off free radicals. Vitamin C in turn can regenerate vitamin E to its reduced form. The process is known as the redox cycle. Adding ALA as a supplement greatly enhances your body's overall ability to fight off free radicals. That in itself makes it an excellent supplement!

Disease Fighting

Aids

ALA how been shown to stop the HIV virus from replicating in test tubes. Testing is still be done to see how the supplement effects HIV positive patients. It is known though, that people who are HIV positive have a weaken immune system. ALA's powerful antioxidant properties make it a must for HIV patients. Studies show that glutathoine levels were greatly increased in HIV patients who supplemented with ALA.

Vision

ALA has been shown to prevent cataracts in rats, improve visual functions of people with Glucoma, and prevent the eyes from degeneration.

Nervous System Diseases

ALA is a protector of the nervous system. It might also be involved in nerve regeneration. Because of this, studies are being done to see how ALA affects patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

ALA and the LIVER!

Two "hopeless" patients lay in hospital beds. Both are diagnosed with incurable liver disease. One doctor thought to try a "new" product that had not really been tested. As a result, the patients made full recoveries. What was this magical drug? ALA! . ALA has been used to cure liver damage caused by poisonous mushrooms, alcohol, metal detoxification, and other poisonings. All this is possible because ALA can remove toxic minerals from the body.

Well, I hope this wet your appetite to the world of Alpha Lipoic Acid. In part two of this series, you will explore why ALA has become popular with bodybuilders.

HIT!

Many people that train using HIT have the opinion that something just isn't right with those guys that spend day after day in the gym doing endless sets of every lift under the sun.
A common opinion is the volume guys don't understand the "scientific" approach to building muscle, and just don't push themselves hard enough to get the job done in a few sets.
Many volume guys on the other hand look at the HITers as not being as devoted as they are, and truth be told, maybe a little lazy. They figure if you really want it you'll do as many damn sets as required as many days of the week as possible. It doesn't interfere with life, "it is life!"
While there are lot's of "in between" trainers that do moderated versions of one or the other training styles, the HIT guys and volume trainers make up an extremely large segment of the training populace.
Both of these almost diametrically opposed training styles have a large following for the simple reason they are both very effective for those that are suited to each method.
While most new trainees end up sampling a good variety of different training modes while learning what works best for them, many never get past the "same old, same old" they learned through haphazardly watching everyone else do the same thing.
This is especially true of guys that start with volume if you don't mind me saying so. Even those that experiment often experiment around an extremely narrow portion of "what seems to work for them."
In a good majority of the cases this is well and good if the trainee has found a system that works for them, but a waste of time and energy if they are spinning their wheels making little or no progress from week to week.
What I'm going to discuss in this article are those trainees that play both sides of the fence; I am also going to go over some ways that may make volume and HIT more agreeable for those that strictly choose one or the other.
To say that volume work is responsible for the largest percentage of the top physiques is an understatement. But by and large, volume training tends to overtrain the average person.
For many people, gear/PHs can greatly increase the trainee's ability to recover from sessions that would have left them hopelessly overtrained while clean. Knowing this, many methodical lifters train HIT, or low volume while clean, and then gradually ramp up the workload when "on." They then ramp the volume back down as the cycle ends.
My usual rule of thumb for people that don't have either a lot of gear experience or overall training experience is to pick a routine that you KNOW is effective for you while training clean, and then let the gear amplify the results.
Doing this as a planned approach makes a lot of sense for most trainees. This approach is especially beneficial to those of you who are still getting to know how your body responds to different stimuli.
All newbies out there reading this take heed. One of the biggest mistakes people make is getting on a cycle, believing that now they can train "just like the pros," and overtraining so badly they hardly grow.
I have seen COUNTLESS people blaming their lack of progress on "bogus gear," when the truth of the matter is they never had a chance on their newfound six day a week 20 sets a body-part routine.
Even the most dogmatic HITer has to admit that SOME people, even those that respond well to HIT while clean, often don't grow as well as they do when combining a volume approach with good gear. And if it works...

Transitioning From HIT To Volume
Okay, so what if you are the type of lifter that trains clean (at least most of the time)? Here are some approaches that can allow the HIT (or low-volume) trainee to get some potentially productive volume work into his routine without too much of a chance of overtraining.
Conversely, I will recommend some approaches that will give you volume guys a break from endless sets and stalled poundage, and should usually spark some new growth in the process.
The simplest method, and the one most often used in a haphazard way is to do either a high volume or HIT routine until progress stalls, at which point you can slowly work into the higher/lower volume routine, or do a sudden switch.
Given the choice I like the "quick switch" to the new format, as it tends to result in better gains. The problem with how this is usually carried out is that the trainee waits WAY too long before it finally occurs to him that he is truly stuck.
And, by then the trainee has not only wasted valuable time, he has also managed to make his body less apt to be responsive.
Better ways of making this transition start with having a game plan in place with some structure to the switch. Additionally, it is wise to be truly aware of what your body is telling you. This will allow you to transition from one training mode to the other without becoming totally burned out on either method.
Ways Of Making This Transition Include:
One On, One Off.
This means the trainee performs a volume routine the first week, and switches to a low volume/hit routine the next. Lifts can stay the same, with only the number of sets and days spent in the gym changing from week to week.
Conversely, you can change all the loading parameters each week. This method usually results in less strength gains since there is less nerve improvement, but in my experience it also tends to produce more size gains.
Guys that are not naturally at least somewhat strong do best keeping the lifts constant and modulating the volume and rep count/cadence instead of performing different lifts.
This simple hi/low schedule truly works wonders for many people. The loading is constantly changing, and the fluctuating approach allows recovery from each of the different training variables (volume, frequency and intensity). Shifting your training approach in this manner goes a long way toward preventing stagnation and overtraining.
Relativity Of Volume
And as an aside, please keep in mind that the term "volume" is relative. The 10 sets that would leave a true hardgainer totally overtrained may be a reasonable load for someone with fairly good recovery ability, and may in fact be a low level of loading for the guy that can progress on 16 sets a bodypart.
And of course those same 10 sets are a huge load for a hardgainer/or HIT style trainee, who usually only performs 1-2 sets a bodypart.
Less Frequent Switches
Of course you can make the switch from volume to intensity a lot less frequently than once per week; performing 2-10 weeks of either style of training before changing to the other style works well for some…and much worse for others.
The key here is not waiting until you are totally "had" before transitioning and understanding why the switch can be a big boost over what you might have achieved running either style constantly.
And while this definitely qualifies as a cycling strategy, it is really not intensity cycling in its truest form. But that's another article for another day.
Stuck At The Same Poundage
If you respond well to volume, yet find yourself stuck way too long at the same poundage, you may find that doing volume for 60-75% of a given period, and inserting HIT/low volume/power training (call it what you will) as a means to reduce overtraining tendencies and boost strength levels goes a long way towards a bigger, better you.
Say whatever you want, but an exceedingly large percentage of those doing volume training experience very irregular poundage progression.
If the volume and frequency is right for YOU when doing a low volume routine, strength increases are usually like clockwork.
So with this scheme you do some volume, make progress on the weights and make good size gains.
Then, BEFORE you are hopelessly stuck, you switch to HIT and rack up some solid poundage increases, and then HIT the volume (ha-ha) with more weight on the bar and climb another size rung.
This is a good plan for those of you that don't tolerate volume well and tend to overtrain, yet get good size gains from using high volume for short periods of time.
Doing your HIT routine for 60-75% of the time, and then periodically switching to a volume approach gives some people just the right balance they need to get the best of both worlds.
Wave Loading
For those of you with attention to detail, and more importantly the ability and willingness to log your training (this should be everyone, but you'd be surprised), another effective method is wave-loading the workload.
This can be a great long-term routine structure for those that don't grow well, provided you don't go too high with the volume, or stay at the high end of the volume scale too long. And it's also useful in the short-term to provide some additional growth stimulus.
This wave approach requires the lifter to start out with a low workload volume, and gradually increase the loading (sets/lifts, in some cases frequency) until he or she is at a max (for you) load.
At that point, you work your way back down the volume scale again, or begin the process from the beginning. The key once again is to not go over the "edge" and end up severely overtrained.
If your work capacity (i.e., ability to recover well) is fairly good, you can make the progressions relatively fast, and stay in the higher loading level zones for the larger percentage of the time.
For those of you with…well let's just say less than ideal genetics (the vast majority of trainees) the best approach is to ramp the load slowly, and more importantly, don't go too high with the workload.
Hanging out on the brink of overtraining can be result-producing for those people who recover fairly well, but ends up being counterproductive for most folks that thrive on lesser workloads.
Remember, we are trying to change the stimulus, get some additional size gains that volume often promotes, and then close the door before we hit the wall.

Legs Shape

Everyone loves a good pair of legs, and lucky for us, everyone has a set. What you do with them on a daily basis however will greatly affect how they look.If your goal is to train your legs to develop massive amounts of muscle, you will train differently than someone whose goal is to lean down their legs and keep them streamlined and tight.Many males who work out to build size are concerned with getting their backs huge and biceps bulging and often place too much emphasis on their arm workouts while neglecting to do anything for legs. This is one of the most detrimental mistakes any bodybuilder looking to build size can make.
Benefits Of Leg Workouts
Because the legs contain such a massive amount of muscle tissue, when they are placed under an overloading stimulus they cause the release of anabolic hormonessuch as testosterone and growth hormone; much more than when you are working a smaller muscle such as your triceps.These hormones alone stimulate muscle growth, so essentially, when you work your legs, you are indirectly helping the rest of you to grow as well. And besides, if you've ever seen one of these guys in the gym who only works their arms, a large upper body with chicken legs doesn't exactly look appealing.Having strong legs is also important for anyone playing contact sports. Your legs are your base of support and provide you with the stability you need to stay standing when an opponent is trying to knock you down.Strong legs help with everyday life too, as we will have an easier time walking up and down stairs, lifting heavy loads (since you should be lifting with your legs), and just being mobile in general.
Training To Increase Leg Size
In order to build good size on your legs, you will want to push your muscles to or almost to failure. You want to work them hard and then let them rest and grow.It would be most appropriate for you to dedicate 1 or possibly 2 days, if you have good recovery ability, to your leg training. Your goal in this workout will be to lift heavy enough weights so that you can successfully complete 8 to 12 repetitions per set, while performing 2-4 sets per exercise.Your rest periods should last between 45 and 60 seconds. The objective of this length of rest is to give your muscles enough time to recover so you can lift heavy again, but not allow them to rest to long as this will decrease the amount of anabolic hormones you release.Finally, depending on your individual experience and workload tolerance you may choose to include 2-5 different exercises per major muscle.Keep in mind that some exercises will work more than one muscle, for example,lunges will work quads, hamstrings and glutes, whereas performing leg extensionsprimarily focuses on your quadriceps. To keep your legs responding, it is good to incorporate a variety of exercises into your training to keep your muscles guessing as to what comes next.And, even though they are a relatively small muscle, you will want to include some calf work in your training, so choose a form of calf raises, either standing or sittingin your workout plan.
Training Legs For Power
Now, some people will not be looking to add more muscle to their legs but will rather be hoping to increase the amount of power they can generate over a short period of time. This type of training will take into account a different rep/rest scheme than that of muscle hypertrophy (increase in size of muscle fiber).If this is your goal, you will want to lift a heavier weight than if you were training for mass but will be performing only 4-8 reps per set. Your rest periods will also be longer as you want the muscle to fully recover and by allowing more time you decrease the chances of adding muscular bulk.You may choose from the same list of exercises as above but may also want to include squat jumps, jumping lunges and sprinting exercises in your plan. These exercises will help target your fast twitch muscle fibers and get your motor units firing at a faster rate, thus helping you to generate more force per unit of time (thus greater power).Since this is very intense training, it should once again only be performed once or maybe twice a week, making sure that you take some good quality rest days in between your workouts.
Training For Lean Legs
Finally, some people out there, most commonly women, will wish to tone down their legs and keep them a little thinner and leaner while still showing some muscle development.To accommodate this goal you would want to perform a greater number of reps with a lighter weight, taking the shortest rest breaks that you can handle. This workout would most likely closely resemble that of a circuit training one.You may wish to perform an exercise for your quads and then immediately move into one for your hamstrings and finish off with something for your calves and then repeat the cycle once again. By continually moving you will also be providing your body with an aerobic workout and will burn more calories during your training, thus helping to keep you lean.You will want to work in the rep range of 15-20 reps and perform 3-5 sets per exercise. You can choose more exercises if you wish depending on how much other training you are currently doing and whether or not you are also performing additional cardio exercise.Since you will be using a lighter weight and thus not stressing your muscles to complete failure, you will be able to include leg training 2-4 times a week, provided you are still taking at least one day off in between workouts. In addition to this training, performing cardio training such as running, uphill walking, or using an elliptical machine will help keep your legs trim and tight.These types of cardio exercises do not provide a great deal of resistance (as much as biking would for example) and will thus help to lean your legs out without adding muscular bulk. You might try including a couple of days of interval training as well as this will help speed up your metabolism and allow you to burn more calories once you have finished your workout (a process known as EPOC - Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption).
Conclusion
Whatever your goals are for your legs, a proper training program can help you accomplish them. Although similar exercises can be used for all types of objectives, it is the amount of reps per set, number of sets and exercises and amount of rest between sets you take that determines how your legs will look.

Vegetables

"You're not getting any dessert until you eat all your vegetables." I'm sure most of us have heard that from our mom. Some people probably did not like the fact that they had to eat their vegetables, so they hid their vegetables in a napkin. Others choked them down. So was your mom just being mean, or was she looking out for your well being? Well mom was looking out for your well being. How you say. Fruits and vegetables are beneficial to your health and should be included in every person's diet. In this article, I'll explain why.
Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are chemicals produced by plants. They are substances that limit the growth of cancer cells. It is believed that the phytochemicals found in strawberries, blueberries, and spinach have the power to increase "cell membrane fluidity". This would also nutrients to easily pass through the cells. Phytochemicals can aid in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and cancer . Different fruits and vegetables are believed to fight off different types of cancer.
Types of Phytochemicals
• Polyphenols and Flavonoids- Help suppress tumor growth and prevent blood clots. They are also antioxidants. They are found in broccoli, apples, cherries, celery, onions, eggplant, tomatoes, and parsley.
• Isothiocyanates- Fights against breast cancer and prostate cancer. It is found in broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, brussels sprouts, and rutabagas.
• Phytoestrogens- Improve cholesterol, fight against breast cancer, and prevent bone loss. They are found in soy products, flax seed, whole grains, and types of berries.
• Organosulfurs- Enhance the immune system. They are found in onions, leeks, garlic, and chives.
• Saponins- Enhance the immune system and accelerate wound healing. They are found in soy beans, ginseng, and whole grains.
• Capsaicin- Destroys cancer causing substances. It is found in red peppers.
• Sterols- Lowers cholesterol. It is found in vegetable oil.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants are molecules that neutralize free radicals. Free radicals are molecules that are missing an electron. This gives them a strong electronegativity or want to fill their electron shell. To complete their shell and become positive, free radicals will take an electron from another molecule or give an electron to another molecule. The molecule that gained or loss an electron is now a free radical. This is called oxidation. The new free radical now looks to make itself positive. It finds another molecule and completes oxidation. This sets off a chain reaction which can harm many molecules. Antioxidants stop this chain reaction from taking place. Some antioxidants give the free radicals an electron. Others destroy the free radical . Free radicals can cause a variety of negative effects, so it is important to get rid of them. Fruits and vegetables are known for their antioxidants.
Vitamins
Fruits and Vegetables are loaded with vitamins!
Here are some examples of common fruits vitamin contents.
Fruit (100 grams) A IU C mg B1 mg B2 mg B6 mg E IU
Apple 2 15 0.02 0.01 0.05 O.5
Banana 3 10 0.04 0.03 0.36 0.3
Grapefruit 0 40 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.5
Kiwi 5 70 0.01 0.02 0.12 1.9
Orange 2 49 0.07 0.03 0.06 0.1
Pear 15 7 0.01 0.02 0.02 0
Peach 0 4 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.1
Strawberry 10 60 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.4
Tomato 140 15 0.05 0.02 0.08 0.7
Fiber
Fiber is an indigestible complex carbohydrate. It cannot be absorbed by the body, and therefore has no calories. Fiber is known to clean out the digestive system. It makes waste pass through the colon quickly, which is why it helps constipation. It also has cancer fighting properties. It is recommended that adults get 20-35 grams of fiber every day .
Here is the amount of fiber in popular fruits and vegetables:
Fruit or Vegetable Amount of Fiber
• Apple 5 (per medium apple)
• Banana 4 (per medium banana)
• Broccoli 5 (per medium stalk)
• Carrot 2 (per medium carrot)
• Corn 3 (per medium ear)
• Grapefruit 12 (per medium grapefruit)
• Orange 3 (per medium orange)
• Peach 2 (per medium peach)
• Pear 3 (per medium pear)
• Potato 3 (per medium potato)
• Tomato 2 (per medium tomato)
Conclusion
Fruits and vegetables should be a part of everyone's daily diet. If you do not like eating fruits and vegetables, found some that you do like. Besides being extremely healthy, some fruits and vegetables are easy to carry around. This means you can take one with you when you go out. Oranges and bananas work great for this. Throw one in your car, then when you want to eat it, just peel it. So the next time your mom makes vegetables, eat them. And if you see your mom has not finished all of her vegetables, explain to her why she needs to eat them.

Yohimbe

1. What is it and where does it come from?

Yohimbe has been one of the most popular supplements for men and women for years. When ingested, the body converts it to yohimbine and assimilates it into the bloodstream. Yohimbe comes from the bark of a tree that grows primarily in West Africa. Yohimbine, an alkaloid, is the primary active ingredient of yohimbe.
Similar alkaloids also play a role.
2. What does it do and what scientific studies give evidence to support this?


What an awesome supplement! New research shows it could be an herb with very effective antioxidant potential. Research shows it is a vasodilator, which means that it increases blood flow to the extremities and appendages.
3. Who needs it and are there any symptoms of deficiency?

Body builders or athletes who want that washboard stomach should look into using Yohimbe. It's not an essential nutrient; therefore, one cannot be "deficient."
4. How much should be taken? Are there any side effects?

Any of the supplements below have a good amount of Yohimbe that will help you acheive the best results. Tyramine is a substance contained in foods such as cheese, liver, and red wine. These foods should not be consumed while taking yohimbe. Also, antidepressants such as Prozac should not be taken in combination with yohimbe only under the close supervision of a physician.

Breakfast

"Power Breakfast" is usually something you hear wannabe executives at large corporations talk about. This is a breakfast intended to make them corporate tigers and able to work long and hard every day, showing just how ambitious and serious about their careers they are. Power Breakfast to a bodybuilder is different, but has the same basic principle: High-octane fuel for a demanding day. If you've ever tried having a typical "diet" breakfast of an orange and a small yogurt (like touted in a great many tabloids), know that you'll most likely croak after 5 minutes in the gym.
The Exceptions
There are exceptions to this rule, but most of us need a solid boost of energy to get up to speed in the morning. What's more, we need to get the nutrients required for optimal growth and recuperation in place. Keep in mind that when you wake up, you've probably not had any food for the past 8-12 hours. That means your blood sugar levels are way down, and you're possibly already in a catabolic state. As we know by now, the best way to get out of that miserable situation is to eat - but we have to figure out the best way to go about it, and what works best for you individually. After all, when you're getting glasses, you make sure to get a pair that is individually perfect for you, rather than pick any prescription at random and run with it.
The size of your breakfast should be decided by your body size and overall caloric needs. If you're dieting, the concept of power breakfast might feel kind of ridiculous. However, when you're bulking up and tries to add some muscle to those arms of yours, breakfast is key.
As usual, you have to get certain balance of calorie intake throughout the day (don't forget: smaller snacks 3 hours apart are better than a few big meals), but I say the BIGGEST chunk of calories ingested in the day should be the breakfast, with the SMALLEST being the last two snacks at the end of the day. In other words, exactly the opposite of the established norm of our culture.
So what's a good breakfast, anyway? Frosted flakes, a blueberry muffin, and a Classic Coke? If you intend to take a trip with the blood sugar roller coaster - sure! Hyper like a raccoon on ecstasy by the time you get to work or school, and down in the land of blood sugar blues an hour before lunch. If you prefer a smooth ride, the key word is balance. Protein, carbs, fat (!) and fiber, and plenty of fluid to keep yourself well hydrated.
The fluid also helps digestion. The reason for the fat is that some vitamins are fat soluble (requires fat to get absorbed properly), and that you NEED a certain amount of healthy fat to stay healthy. That means fish oil, flax seed oil, or olive oil or similar, NOT fried bacon.
A good balance to aim for is 25-40% protein, 50-65% carbs, and 10% fat. Fiber is good for digestion, and slows down the overall GI value of the meal. Also keep in mind that complex carbs are better than simple for GI reasons.
Now, I'm not your mother. I know nobody is perfect, and that sometimes you will deviate from the percentage ratios mentioned above, as well as the part about the smallest meals at the end of the day and so forth. Don't worry. I'm just trying to give you a general idea of where you want to be, nutrition wise. Try to get a feel for a good composition, and use the guidelines in figuring out your perfect breakfast.

L-Carnitine

1. What is it and where does it come from?
L-carnitine is very similar to the nonessential amino acid carnitine. It performs some of the same functions, such as helping metabolize food into energy.*
L-carnitine is synthesized in the body from the amino acids lysine and methionine. L-Carnitine is available as a high quality supplement from Bodybuilding.com, as well as from natural and synthetic sources. It is also found in avocados, dairy products, and red meats (especially lamb and beef).
2. What does it do and what scientific studies
give evidence to support this?
L-carnitine transfers long-chain fatty acids, such as triglycerides into mitochondria (a cell's energy powerhouse), where they may be oxidized to produce energy.* L-carnitine is a very popular supplement that promotes growth and development.* It is also used for fat-burning, increasing energy, and improving resistance to muscle fatigue.* L-carnitine also helps to build muscle.* It is also great in dieting, as it reduces feelings of hunger and weakness.*

Studies have been conducted on L-carnitine since as early as 1937. Those studies yielded positive results suggesting that the body's cardiovascular system can greatly benefit from its intake.* There are a variety of published studies that suggest L-carnitine is useful in increasing the heart's output and improving it's functioning, as well as stimulating the heart's energy supply and supporting cardiac performance.*
3. Who needs it and what are some symptoms of deficiency?
Anyone deficient in protein or amino acids in their diet could benefit from L-carnitine supplementation. Pre-mature infants, vegan vegetarians, children, and breast-feeding women are likely to be deficient.
Although deficiencies are rare, muscle fatigue, cramps, or pre-mature aging are all signs of possible deficiency.
4. How much should be taken? Are there any side effects?
Between two and four grams of L-carnitine should be taken one hour before exercise, for two weeks.
Taking L-carnitine is very safe, although the DL form of carnitine may be toxic and is not recommended

Thick Back

I am kicking things off with back since it is on the first day of my split and it is so important. When you look at all the champs who win contests, from the nationals to the Olympia, you will see that each one of the top contenders has outstanding back development. If you get a chance look at a photo ofFlex Wheeler when you are on this website and you will see what I mean...Wide cobra-like lats, thick knots of muscle, detailed upper back development, Christmas tree shape in the lower back, primordial traps and steel spinal erectors...you want some of that too! And, as you look at gyms all over the country you will notice that while some people's chests are out of this world, their back is like a wasteland remit of development--not a condition you want.
The impact of its development enhances your entire body. Wide Lats help create that V-shape to the upper body and thickness makes you a redoubtable looking contender. OK, so now that I have made an impression on the importance of back development, I will show an effective way to train it-- my way that is.
I suggest you start out with a width building exercise to give your lats that broad flared out look. Vertical, overhead pulling movements work the best here (Pull downs and Chins aka Pull-ups). If you want serious width, I suggest you go with chins because the are very effective and difficult. You might be discouraged because you can only do a few. I started doing only 3! And when I do not attach any weight on a weigh belt on my waist I can squeeze out 17 or so. All you can do, do it! I would set a target number to complete each workout. For instance 30 total chins, doing as many sets as it takes to reach that number. I like to start out with lighter weight and then go very heavy as the sets progress (to the point where I can only complete maybe 4-6 reps strictly). Every once in a while you can substitute pull downs. If you do choose pull downs take advantage of the various attachments to vary the stress on your back. You have Wide Grip, Reverse Grip, Medium Grip with palms facing away, and close neutral grips with the V-bar that is usually used with Cable Rows.
Next should come a rowing movement as these are great for thickness. Here you have many choices (Bent Over Barbell Rows, Cable Rows, Seated Machine rows like the kind made by Hammer Strength Company, 1 Arm Dumbbell Rows and others). The main concern is using a strict rep- not heaving with the biceps and other muscles. Start each rep by retracting your shoulder blades and squeeze. THEN is when you follow through with the other muscles(DO THIS ON OTHER BACK MOVEMENTS TOO). Strive to get a long range of motion- nothing like those quick choppy movements you see those wannabes do.
Here you can use a pronated (palms away) or palms facing you (reverse grip). Palms away works the lats more in conjunction with outer back muscles like the teres while reverse grip allows more of a stretch in the lats. I like to usually do 2 rowing movements and finish things off with deadlifts which hit my erectors and lower back muscles along with my traps. I am not a big believer in using straps unless it is on your last set when you are going really heavy.

Boron!

1. What is it and where does it come from?
Boron is required by your body in trace amounts for proper metabolism of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Boron helps brain function, healthy bones, and can increase alertness.
Boron supplements are especially good for older people. Boron is known to help support proper bone growth. Boron is also useful for people who want to build muscle.
2. What does it do and what scientific studies give evidence to support this?

As boron is not yet considered an essential nutrient for humans, it is not clear whether deficiencies occur. However, diets that are low in fruit, vegetables, legumes, and nuts provide less boron than diets that contain more of these foods.
It's found in raisins, prunes, and nuts are generally excellent sources of boron. Fruit (other than citrus), vegetables, and legumes also typically contain significant amounts. Actual amounts vary widely, depending upon boron levels in soil where the food is grown.
3. Who needs it and what are some symptoms of deficiency?
Accidental acute exposure to high levels of boron can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, convulsions, and other symptoms. Although chronic exposures can cause related problems, the small (usually 1-3 mg per day) amounts found in supplements have not been linked with toxicity in most reports. Nonetheless, in one double-blind trial using 2.5 mg of boron per day for two months, hot flashes and night sweats worsened in 21 of 43 women, though the same symptoms improved in 10 others. Women who have hot flashes or night sweats have been diagnosed as menopausal symptoms and who supplement with boron should consider discontinuing use of boron-containing supplements to see if the severity of their symptoms is reduced.
One study found that 3 mg per day resulted in increased estrogen and testosterone levels. Increased estrogen has also been reported in several women taking 2.5 mg per day. The increase in estrogen is of concern because it could theoretically increase the risk of several cancers. Although no increased risk of cancer has been reported in areas of the world where boron intake is high, some doctors recommend that supplemental boron intake be limited to a maximum of 1 mg per day.
The relationship between boron and other minerals is complex and remains poorly understood. Boron may conserve the body's use of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D. In one study, the ability of boron to reduce urinary loss of calcium disappeared when subjects were also given magnesium. Therefore, boron may provide no special benefit in maintaining healthy bone mass in the presence of adequate amounts of dietary magnesium.
4. How much should be taken? Are there any side effects??
A leading boron expert has suggested 1-3 mg per day of boron is a reasonable amount to consume. People who eat adequate amounts of produce, nuts, and legumes are likely already eating two to six times this amount. Therefore, whether the average person would benefit by supplementing with this mineral remains unclear.
As boron is not yet considered an essential nutrient for humans, it is not clear whether deficiencies occur. However, diets that are low in fruit, vegetables, legumes, and nuts provide less boron than diets that contain more of these foods.

Anabolic Erobics

Every year, there are new techniques in training, diet and supplementation that allow us to take our physiques to the next level. I think many of the "Old School" laws have hung around much longer than they should have. We have to learn to accept that there won't always be one best way to do something. You don't eat your eggs raw anymore, do you? We now have whey protein and there's really no need to do it anymore.
Cardio: Yea or Nay
Well there's one more thing that should go. And that's the law that says cardio will kill your gains in muscle. Cardio should be a part of every program whether your goal is maximum muscle or serious fat loss. In fact cardio, if implemented intelligently, can even augment your effort in the weight room! That's right, you don't need to be come a slob to put on muscle. You can stay lean and even lose that spare tire in the process.Is it really possible to build muscle with out 6,000 calories a day?? You bet your sweet ass it is! And even more interesting, it happens in young, healthy people who have been training for years. Its really a matter of how you go about it and how you manipulate your diet to maximize you bodies internal workings. This first article is going to focus on just how cardio can help grow muscle.First we need to realize that simply increasing caloric intake does not lead to muscle mass. We can all agree that the types of calories (ie. Protein, carbs, fat) play a much bigger roll. Its also been widely accepted that keeping glycogen stores high is a determining factor in the rate of growth. This is why many bodybuilders find it necessary to consumer more carbohydrates than some endurance athletes.This is where cardio, and more specifically intense cardio comes into play. A protein molecule called, GLUT4, transports glucose. It basically sits on the surface of cells. The more you have the more glucose can be carried into muscle cells. High intensity aerobic work greatly increases the amount of the transporters. Intense aerobics also creates the same catabolic state and 3 hour nutritional window of opportunity as does weight training. This is the first down fall of many bodybuilders.How many of you out there actually supplement a cardio session exactly the same as weight training?? That's what I thought. And this response stays elevated above normal resting conditions for literally days.
Insulin
However, you can't get any glucose into a muscle cell with out the presence of insulin, the king of anabolic hormones. If you don't control your insulin all day, every day, you are basically shooting a hole in the boat you're sitting in . Both aerobic and heavy weight training increase insulin sensitivity , so in the long run, less carbs are needed to reach optimal levels of glycogen stores. There is also a strong correlation between the amount of insulin secreted and the rate of protein synthesis . And, surprise, surprise, insulin responses are much higher to the initial dose of carbs after intense exercise .
However, the longer you are inactive, those high rates of synthesis drop off quickly with ever hour that passes . So for those of you who lift on a 3-day split, you may be wise to slip a short intense cardio session on those off days. And if you are someone who goes to lift twice a day, it would also be wise to make one of those times a cardio session instead of more weights. By lifting two times a day, you are setting yourself up for disaster. It seems that with every weight training session on a given day, the catabolic hormone response is amplified !But overall cortical (the catabolic hormone) levels stay very low in people who go once a day, every day . In fact, its been shown that people who incorporate 3 days of weight and 3 days of cardio gain more lean mass, and even with a negative nitrogen balance . As much as a 4% increase in dry muscle. Not, fat free mass, not weight, not lean mass, pure stinking muscle. And a loss of 5% body fat ta-boot .Growth hormones and IGF-1
The most promising aspect of cardio work is its effect on the two remaining hormones that are paramount in muscle growth, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I. Now, there has been some debate as to whether or not GH is really anabolic and increases muscle mass. Well let's say for argument's sake that it isn't. But one thing is for sure, its metabolic offspring, IGF-I sure as hell is !We all know that stacking on the heavy weights increases these two hormones rather effectively , but not many think of cardio doing that as well. In fact, cardio is just as effective as the heavy weights . GH whether or not it is actually active in muscle growth is irrelevant when you know that it is the hormone that stimulates the release of IGF-I . And it appears that as the intensity of the cardio increases, so does the amount of GH .And to top it all off, if for some unknown reason you decide to do more than one cardio session a day, the release of GH is magnified with every time . What exactly is "intense" cardio? Well roughly 85-90% or your VO2 max, or heart rate . If you can go for more than 20 continuous minutes, it simply isn't hard enough. The goal of intense cardio is to not so much burn off the 400 calories in the session, but to let your body do that as it tries to "fix" it self after the ass whipping you just dished out.The shorter your sessions, the less chance you run of hitting the catabolic wall . However, the effects of IGF-I on muscle seem to be "local", meaning it has to be produced by, or introduced into the muscle . And because contracting muscle has an insulting-like action (you probably call it the "pump"), all the extra movement from the cardio will be drawing more IGF-I in to cells. So it would be wise to find some type of cardio that uses a lot of different muscle groups.So to bring this to a close, doing cardio during a "bulking" phase to stay lean or lose some extra fat will only magnify your efforts in the gym. Cardio increases your ability to store glycogen with less carbs and calories, it conditions our body to suppers catabolic hormones for longer periods of time and it not only sets the muscle building stage buy producing an abundance of anabolic hormone, but it keeps the process going at a high rate .

Quats!

quats are the main diet for the powerlifter, Olympic lifter, football player, track & field competitor and every other competitive athlete. But there are many assistant exercises that deliver that extra for squat strength and quad development. These assistant exercises offer coordination and balance to specific muscle groups to execute squat performance and quad development. So, whether that boost is strength, power, size, or a combination of them all, assistant exercises play a very important factor in the squat.
The squat is a strength and mass builder. Squat assistance exercises are done for shaping, and also strength. Let me explain. Bodybuilders are not interested in getting their squat to an all time max as a powerlifter is. Not all of them anyway. The competitive bodybuilder uses squat assistance exercises for shaping. But, the powerlifter is more interested in serious strength gains. Assistant squat exercises give an extra boost on all strength levels. Absolute strength, limit strength, starting strength and explosive strength. For those of you who are not referenced to these terms and those of you who need "strength" defined let me explain. Strength is the ability of the muscle to exert maximal force at a specific velocity.
Absolute strength constitutes a maximum amount of weight lifted like a "max" squat! Explosive strength is the max force exerted in a certain extension period of time. Limit strength is similar to absolute strength, which is the recruitment of musculoskeletal force generated for one all-out effort. Starting strength is the athlete's ability to "switch on" as many muscle fibers as possible in one instant. The ability to place an overload on the muscle that is being exerted with a heavier weight for maximum reps enables those muscles to get use to higher workloads.
There are many assistant exercises that can imitate the squat itself. Like placing your legs on the leg press or a hack machine with the same feet spacing you would for squatting. Assistant exercises can be box squats or reverse-hyper extensions, famed exercises performed by Louis Simmons students, step-ups, single leg presses, and many others. This is all good, but you ask why step-ups? Well, think about it. Step-ups are in all conventional terms a one legged squat. This specific assistant exercise will benefit you in gaining leg strength, the same as the single legged press would but with the added benefit of balance. Any individual who desires a good assistant exercise for squats should give single leg presses a try. I hope you realize that one leg can't press what both can, so, start off light increasing your weight each set until you get to a good working weight performing 6-10 reps on each leg. When doing leg presses or hack squats place your feet together and try 20-reps for each set. I recommend only 2-3 sets of those. They're pretty grueling! I am sure your legs will be ready to explode after all that.
The definition of the word "assistant" means: "assisting; helping; serves as a helper," - that's all an assistant squat exercise is - a helper. There are many different supplementary assistant exercises to implement in your squat training regiment. The best way to find out what is best for you is to first ask yourself what your goal is. Is your goal Strength? Size? Or both? Really, it doesn't matter because whatever assistant exercise you choose, done properly, over a period of time, will only spell out increases in strength, size, and shape. So, don't forget to take your supplements and give me one more rep!

DHEA

1. What is it and where does it come from?

DHEA is an acronym for the hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (now you know why people use the acronym.)
Levels of DHEA are quite high at birth, drop during childhood, and peak during young adulthood. The levels continue to drop throughout life.
2. What does it do and what scientific studies give evidence to support this?


DHEA is HOT, and you will see why. When this compound is supplemented, it has been shown to have awesome effects. It has been shown to help people lose weight, burn fat and build muscle.* Dietary supplements of DHEA can help maintain proper levels in the body and can aid a person in their overall well being.*

Is there enough that can be said about DHEA? Apparently not. It may also have positive effects on supporting a healthy immune response and maintaining healthy blood sugar levels that are already within the normal range.*
3. Who needs it and what are some symptoms of deficiency?

Because DHEA levels decrease with age, people above middle age can have incredible results as the studies above have shown. Body builders or athletes can have some of the greatest beneficial results. They can use it to help build strong muscles and lower body fat.* It is also said to help keep the brain clear and the skin smooth as well!*
4. How much should be taken? Are there any side effects?

When used in the correct dosages, DHEA is great. But, with any kind or hormone or compound, when used incorrectly it can cause problems. The exact right dosage may vary with each individual, so consulting a physician is probably a good idea. Women and men over age 60 are commonly prescribed 50mg and 100mg. Obviously since younger people produce more DHEA naturally, they should take less. Pregnant or nursing women should not take it.

Chest Development

In this article I am going to discuss what I feel is the most effective and growth promoting workout for the chest. The majority of bodybuilders and weight training enthusiasts feel that a chest workout is not considered "complete" without utilizing free-weight barbell press as their primary and core exercise. Many of these individuals also believe that strength is relative to size and are more intrigued by training their egos with heavy poundage they cannot handle instead of utilizing proper form and weight selection and actually stimulating the fibers of the chest to promote growth during recovery time.
Speaking of recovery time, it also amazes me how these selective individuals seem to have the ability to train chest two to three times per week. It makes me wonder what they consider an effective workout. Is it a workout that doesn't promote growth to the chest but makes poundage go up by small increments on a monthly or yearly basis? If this is so, you shouldn't be reading this article. This article if for those who want real chest growth, don't have an ego, and don't get pissed off when they have to sacrifice their "brute poundage" for a more efficient workout.
Stimulating The Chest
The chest workout that I will present is the current chest workout that I have found to be most effective at stimulating the chest. This workout incorporates techniques that many people don't believe in or follow due to observation. I feel that the main reason in which people will not utilize the three techniques that I will discuss is due to the fact that they are too whimsical to endure the pain that these principles are capable of inflicting on the body.
Most bodybuilders and weight trainers would rather use straight sets (which don't cause too much pain on the body), and they would also rather use their heavy poundage that they feel proud of achieving. I mean what is worse than having to drop the weight that you were capable of using and actually suffer while using it? But if you want to have a barrel sized chest with striations and veins running through it, I feel these techniques are the only way to blast the chest enough to get it to that point of growth. The 5 techniques that are used in almost all of my workouts are: pre-exhaust, triple drop sets, and also rest pause, and my two new favorites - super slow, and extreme stretching. Without these techniques I would be lost at a sub-intensity level and not achieve the feeling of accomplishment that I do with these principles.
So now with a simple background on what you will be up for lets introduce the most beneficial workout for the chest. This workout always begins on the Pec-deck fly machine. Why might you ask? Well it is only the best machine to fully isolate the chest and pre-exhaust it to its full extent. Lets paint a picture. Most people on chest day will go straight to the flat press, don't get me wrong its an excellent movement but it has downfalls.
When using the flat barbell press. When you reach failure your triceps andshoulders usually give out before you can fully blast and stimulate the chest. But with pre-exhaust your chest, and only your chest will already be stimulated before you get to the flat press. So back to the workout, my workout partner and I will usually warm up with some light sets before we start to inflict the pain. On this machine, only one working set will be preformed. With the style that it is preformed in you wont want/be able to perform another set in a similar fashion.
The Workout
All right, now lets get this workout going. After a few light warm up sets on the pec-deck we are then ready for our one working set. The style in which the set is preformed is a triple drop set with forced reps and also very slow reps during the set. Now the set has begun, 6 to 8 slow and controlled reps are preformed before I start to reach failure. My partner then steps in and helps me further complete another 2-4 reps. I have just completed the first of the three sets and now the weight stack has been reduced slightly. With no times rest the second set has begun and 4 to 6 slow reps are preformed to failure with an additional 2-4 partner assisted reps.
The stack has then been reduced again and a similar set as the previous is preformed, but this time I like to add some pauses at the stretch and also the contraction. After this triple drop set my chest is on fire and in enough pain to call it quits for the day. But hey, that's just the pre-exhaustion, right?
After your first working set, your chest will be pumped beyond belief and hurting enough to feel like you did a full workout, but we still have to do presses! The next exercise that I use is the Incline smith press. I feel that this hits the chest perfect if you angle it right. After one or two warm-ups we proceed to our (like the pec-deck) one working set, just like the Deck-Deck we are performing a triple drop. With the set begun I hit 4-5 reps with five second negatives, after I reached failure I get 2-3 partner assisted reps.
The weight is dropped, and the same set and rep protocol is preformed until I reach failure. Again the weight is dropped and the same style set is preformed to complete the triple drop.
With my chest destroyed beyond belief I move on to my third and final exercise, which is flat dumbbell pres, rest-pause. This exercise is just like a finishing up for the chest due to the fact that it will be destroyed from the two previous sets. After picking a weight that is moderately heavy I bang out 8-10 reps with five-second negatives, and place them back up on my thighs in a seated position. After 15-20 seconds rest I again proceed to do another set, this time only getting 3-4 reps with five-second negatives. The weight is then rested again and I final set is preformed only getting 2-3 reps and a 20 second hold at mid point at the end, ouch.

Organic Foods

one of the biggest difficulties bodybuilders face on a daily basis is the content of their diet. Most often, the term 'diet' is typically misunderstood as the lack of food a person intakes in a day. However, bodybuilders know better.To give credit where credit is due, bodybuilders must be credited with developing thesupplements that exist not only on this website, but in any store which carries the most basic protein powder to the esoteric supplements.Bodybuilding gave birth to a non-existent niche in the food industry, to one of the most lucrative industries in the past decade with no end in sight. As wonderful as it is to go to a store and buy a supplement which will help you achieve your goals, there still is a market that is essential and a worthwhile endeavor for bodybuilders to explore.
Organic foods are perhaps the least of the explored venues to attain good health. By definition, organic foods are those foods which are grown without the use of pesticides - however, this is not always the case.Many national chains claim to carry "organic" foods by simply not using the typical pesticides, yet the national chain uses foods which have been genetically manipulated so as not to need the pesticide. However, this process diminishes the qualitative value of the food. But before I proceed with descriptions of organic foods, let me elaborate the importance of using organic foods.

Advantages Of Organic Foods

Organic foods, such as an organic tomato, have a qualitative value which a commercial tomato could not match. The organically-grown tomato has not had any pesticides used to keep its natural enemies away from them. Typically, organic farmers use a natural pesticide that is safe and does not diminish the quality of the tomato.However, a commercially-grown tomato has lost a great deal of its nutrition because of the pesticides used to keep it safe from its natural enemies.Another reason to eat an organic tomato (or any organic foods for that matter) is that organic food is picked when it is ripe versus the commercial tomato. This may seem like a small issue, but it is perhaps the most important issue which makes organic food a most invaluable tool for bodybuilders.Since organic food is picked when it is ripe, the food has had the ability to absorb all the trace vitamins and minerals which is sadly lacking in commercial foods. Commercial foods are picked when the vegetables are still green and do not have the opportunity to absorb all the trace vitamins and minerals which the soil offers.In essence, all the consumer is getting from the commercial grown food is filler with very little amounts of vitamins and minerals. In contrast, the organic tomato has an enormous amount of nutrition and a taste which the commercially grown tomato will not match.Since the organic tomato has more nutritional value than the commercial tomato, the bodybuilder can benefit from consuming organic food by the body receiving all the vitamins and minerals that the body needs from exertion from strenuous exercise such as weight training.Since the body is receiving all the vitamins and minerals it needs, the recovery time is faster, thus an improved physique in a shorter period of time. This may prompt the question: What about taking a vitamin/mineral supplement? Is that sufficient?Unfortunately no, because a vitamin/mineral supplement has the macro vitamins and minerals, but not the trace vitamins and minerals (generally speaking). This is the beauty of eating organic foods. With organic foods being the cornerstone of your diet, taking a multivitamin is unnecessary.Another benefit of eating organic food is that the body is getting all of the quality of the nutrition without having to eat huge amounts of food, which commercial foods could not match. For example, an organic tomato has the nutritional equivalent of four commercial tomatoes, thus the less amount of food a person has to consume to get all the necessary nutrition.It has been rumored in the organic "underground" that the cause of many of today'smaladies are because of the quality of food keeps diminishing yet the quantity keeps increasing.The increase in quantity of food is increased because of genetically-engineered food, which on the surface may seem like a good idea, but in reality, we are curing a headache by cutting off the head. However, this is a topic for future reading.

Chromium

1. What is it and where does it come from?
Chromium Picolinate is thought to be the best source of chromium. Chromium is a trace mineral that is essential to the body's production of insulin.
Insulin is a hormone that stabilizes the body's blood sugar level. Brewer's yeast is considered the best source of chromium; however, foods such as corn-on-the-cob, buckwheat, apples, beets, tomatoes, wheat germ and bran, and sweet potatoes are excellent sources as well. Bodybuilding.com provides high quality chromium supplement.
2. What does it do and what scientific studies give evidence to support this?


Research shows that chromium is an essential part of our diet. Chromium picolinate can have many beneficial results when supplemented. It enhances insulin's effect in the body, improving the uptake of glucose, thereby causing better blood circulation and maintenance of blood sugar level. Gaining energy, burning fat, and building muscle with greater ease are attributed to chromium, to name a few. It assists the body in losing weight by helping it to build muscle to replace fat. Lowering body fat and increasing lean body mass are just a few of the positive properties that chromium picolinate exhibits on the body. Whoa, that is powerful!

Learn more about the benefits of Chromium Picolinate on Clayton South's Health Facts.
3. Who needs it and what are some symptoms of deficiency?

Specific people have been shown to dramatically gain from ingesting chromium picolinate. Research indicates that the majority of people in the United States are chromium deficient. Most people could use chromium in their diets. As chromium levels decrease with age and deficiencies occur with people who do not eat a good balanced diet, chromium picolinate supplementation can be very beneficial. Because processed foods have much of the chromium removed, increasing ones chromium content is recommended to sustain proper glucose levels and gain energy. Anyone who likes to live with energy, burn fat, and increase strength and muscle mass would also do well to supplement with chromium...bodybuilders, that's you!
4. How much should be taken? Are there any side effects?

Research and most literature suggest supplementation of between 50 and 300 mcg to compliment a 2,000-calorie diet is adequate. When taken in such doses, chromium picolinate has not been shown to cause toxicity in humans.

Back Development

Back development is a key ingredient in the physique of a bodybuilder. One's back is what makes their upper body look enormous and their waist look tiny. The difficult part is finding a program that will develop your back in all areas. This article will discuss my ideas pertaining to building the back in terms of width, thickness, and form.
ANATOMY
The back is a complicated and multi-layered part of your physique. The outer, or visible part of your back consists of the upper, middle and lower trapezius, posterior deltoid, teres major and minor, and the external abdominal oblique. The deeper layers consist of the rhomboids and the erector spinae. This is of course not an all-inclusive list but is sufficient for the purpose of this article.
BACK WIDTH
The width of your back is determined but the size of the latissimus dorsi and the teres major. These are the muscles that are most prominent in the rear lat spread pose. But keep in mind that your lats are displayed with front poses like the front double biceps pose, front lat spread, and abdominals and thighs pose.The exercises that most effectively target these muscles are lat pull downs with a wide overhanded grip. This will hit the upper portion of the lats as well as the teres. You can modify this exercise by using a narrow underhand grip. To hit the lower portion of your lats I suggest doing bent-over bar rows with an underhanded grip. Just make sure you are at approximately a 30 angle from being completely upright. The final exercise I would suggest for this portion of your back would be pullovers either with cables or with a dumbbell.
BACK THICKNESS
Back thickness mostly depends on the size of your erector spinae, middle,lower, and upper trapezius, and posterior deltoid. The posterior deltoid really adds to back thickness front a side position because it makes your overall physique look thicker. Developing this part of your back is perhaps the easiest as far as number of exercises but also the most difficult due to amount of weight needed to stimulate the muscles. Some exercise suggestions for back thickness would be deadlifts, seated cable rows, t-bar rows, hyperextensions, and reverse flyes. For these exercises you really need to focus on high poundage repetitions using compound movements. Compound movements are those which involve numerous muscles in order to balance and support the body during the movement. These exercises also happen to have the highest potential for injury secondary to large muscle groups moving large amounts of weight. Be sure to warm up properly and use perfect form for the deadlifts or you will pay for it in the morning.
EXERCISE FORM
I tend to be a little more lenient when it comes to form on back exercises (with the exception of deadlifts). This is due to the fact that for each exercise you perform you are using more than one group of muscles. The primary muscles are assisted by additional muscles which serve to stabilize your body to properly perform the exercise. These additional muscles are called secondary or stabilizer muscles.
For example, during seated cable rows you are using middle traps, rhomboids, paraspinals, posterior deltoids, and lats. So in order to get the best bang for your buck cheat a little. When I say cheat I am referring to leaning forward approximately 45 before pulling the weight. To finish the movement bring the handle right to your belly button and bring your chest up. This will really help to involve all the groups of muscles.The idea behind this practice is to recruit as many muscles as possible during one movement. It is very difficult to isolate one muscle during most back movements due to the secondary stabilizer muscles.

Amino Acids

The deluge of dietary supplements on the market today provides countless avenues for the fitness enthusiast to achieve their goals. Rather than drawing into a fitness lifestyle through proper nutrition, exercise, and rest, many will turn to dietary supplements as a panacea for all their fitness dreams. With all of the misinformation and empty promises that accompany many products, trying to keep afloat on all of the new breakthroughs can be overwhelming. Protein powders are the original bodybuilding supplement and continue to be a staple in the bodybuilders diet. Unfortunately, many fitness enthusiasts and bodybuilders' love and devotion to protein far surpass their knowledge of how protein works in the body. Why do so many fitness enthusiasts have such a limited understanding of protein and amino acids? We hope that the information in this article will serve as a beacon among the sea of misinformation about protein and amino acids. The ultimate value of a food protein or a protein supplement is in its amino acid composition. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and muscle tissue. Many physiological processes relating to bodybuilding from energy, recovery, muscle hypertrophy, fat loss, and strength gains are linked to amino acids. The twenty-three amino acids are the molecular building blocks of protein. The amino acids can be divided into two groups: essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids. The nine essential amino acids are so designated because they must be supplied by the foods we eat. The twelve non-essential amino acids are so designated based on the body ability to synthesize them from other amino acids.
The Different Amino Acids
Essential Amino Acids Nonessential Amino Acids
Histidine Alanine
Isoleucine Arginine
Leucine Aspartic Acid
Lysine Cysteine
Methionine Cystine
Phenylalanine Glutamic Acid
Tryptophan Glutamine
Valine Glycine
Threonine Proline
Serine
Tyrosine
How The Body Handles Protein
The fate of an amino acid after it is transported to the liver is highly dependent on the body needs for that moment. Some amino acids enter the blood stream, where they join amino acids that have been liberated during the constant breakdown and synthesis of body tissue. Other amino acids are used by the liver to manufacture many of the specialized proteins such as liver enzymes, lipoproteins, and the blood protein (albumin). As these amino acids circulate throughout the body, each cell directed by its own DNA blue print, draws from the common pool of available amino acids to synthesize all the numerous proteins required for its functions. In order for protein synthesis to occur, an adequate supply of both essential and non-essential amino acids is vital. If one of the essential amino acids is missing then synthesis is halted. These partially assembled proteins are disassembled and the amino acids returned to the blood. Any amino acids that are not used within a short time can not be stored for future use. They are delivered back to the liver and stripped of their nitrogen. Which is then incorporated into urea and excreted by the kidneys. The remaining protein skeleton will be converted to glucose and burned as energy or converted to fat or glycogen for storage. Although protein synthesis is very important, the body number one priority is to obtain sufficient energy to carry on vital functions such as circulation, respiration and digestion. Therefore, in the absence of adequate dietary carbohydrates and fat calories, the body will break down not only dietary protein but protein in the blood, liver, pancreas, muscles, and other tissues in order to maintain vital organs and functions.
Applications To Bodybuilding
As we have already discussed, the fate of an amino acid after it is transported to the liver is highly dependent upon the body needs at that moment. Immediately after exercise, when the muscle is receptive to nutrients and the blood flow to the exercise muscles remain high; a window of opportunity exists to aid muscular growth and recovery. Unfortunately, a high protein meal will not put significant levels of amino acids into your blood stream until a couple of hours after you eat it, especially if blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract has been diminished by a hard training sessions. The most reliable way to deliver specific amino acids is to administer the particular amino acids themselves through free form amino acids. The value of free form amino acids is first and foremost is that they do not require digestion. They are free of chemical bonds to other molecules and so move quickly through the stomach and into the small intestine, where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream within fifteen minutes. This quick absorption helps prevent muscle catabolism. Without sufficient energy, the human body as discussed above, has the innate ability to break down muscle tissue for use as an energy source during heavy exercise. This process is known as gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. The part of the reaction that pertains to our discussion is known as the glucose alanine cycle. During this cycle, BCAAs (three of the essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are stripped from the muscle tissue and parts of them are converted to the amino acid alanine, which is transported to the liver and converted to glucose. Branched-chained amino acids are metabolized directly in the muscle and can be converted into energy to prevent muscle catabolism. If you supplement with BCAAs the body does not have to break down muscle tissue to derive extra energy. A study conducted at the School of Human Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, confirmed that the use of BCAAs (up to 4 grams) during and after exercise could result in a significant reduction of muscle breakdown during exercise. Amino acids are truly the building blocks of muscle tissue and protein. We hope that the article clarifies the importance of amino acid supplementation to your diet as well as reinforce amino acids many physiological contributions to bodybuilding.

Shoulders Pain

Shoulders receive the lion's share of work in the gym. Nearly all upper body routines involve the shoulder to some extent, if only to be held fixed and motionless for the specific movement. Even during leg work, the shoulders are involved with the stacking and unstacking of plates for all the leg routines. Shoulder pain can greatly hamper any training routine and tends to require long periods of time for complete recuperation. Severe injuries can prematurely terminate the careers of professional athletes such as baseball pitchers with rotator cuff problems. For the non-professional athlete, even minor shoulder pain can lead to disturbed sleeping patterns from the inability to find a comfortable position at night. Part I of this two part series will examine shoulder anatomy in sufficient detail to highlight the basis for skeletal variations that can predispose certain individuals to persistent shoulder problems. Part II will go on to present routines for strengthening lesser known shoulder muscles and lifting variations to minimize further trauma. Bear in mind that severe pain, extreme muscle weakness, or inability to perform certain movements may indicate a condition requiring medical attention. Advice presented here should not serve in place of a thorough medical evaluation since certain conditions may require specialized medical intervention or even surgery. Due to its extremely wide range of mobility, the shoulder is one of the most complex joints in the human body. Because of its unusual bone structure and large number of muscle attachments, shoulder pain can be a daunting challenge to most physicians who typically recommend merely rest and anti-inflammatory medications for weeks to months as therapy which may or may not solve the problem. In addition, chronic degenerative changes that accumulate from repeated trauma will likely increase the frequency of shoulder problems for most individuals as they age and continue lifting. While any single article can hardly be exhaustive on the subject of shoulder issues (whole books 16,17 have been devoted to the subject), this discussion will focus on one of the more common problems that results from a combination of unlucky anatomy, undesirable lifting technique, and insufficient attention to auxiliary musculature. The shoulder is the anatomical structure that links the arm with the torso. A wide array of muscles of particular interest to bodybuilders traverse the shoulder including: pecs, lats, delts, and even the biceps. Given that the lats and delts contribute to a wide upper body desirable by bodybuilders, much attention is focused on these muscle groups and considerable stress is applied to the shoulder. Pain and discomfort can dramatically compromise nearly any weightlifting routine. The shoulder as a joint is classically described as a ball and socket (similar in design to the hip joint)1. The ball portion is derived from the end of the upper arm bone, the humerus, and resembles a ball stuck on the end of a long shaft, and is referred to as the humeral head. The socket side is formed from one corner of a roughly triangular flat bone called the shoulder blade (the scapula), that rests over the rib cage, high on the back and extends over the rib cage to the front of the body. The triangular form of the scapula has one side close to the midline of the back with the lower corner angling up towards the shoulder. The third side of the triangle runs parallel to the shoulders across the top. The shoulder blade is thicker in its upper portion than the lower portion, so that the very top of the shoulder blade has a surface (rather than just as edge as with the other two sides of the triangle) with two edges (one towards the body and one away). The top edge pointing away from the body is called the spine and the surface of the top of the shoulder blade is slightly depressed and called the supraspinous fossa (fossa is the technical term for a depression). Moving along the spine towards the shoulder, a bony extension, called the acromion, juts out and arches over the top of the scapula just above the humeral head and can be felt as the bony top of the shoulder. The acromion arches over the top of the scapula from back to front and connects to the collarbone (clavicle) to complete the shoulder girdle. Arising off the top edge opposite the spine, also at the shoulder, across from where the acromion begins and pointing forward over the chest, is a small bony knob called the coracoid process. The short head of the biceps muscles attaches to this piece of bone as well as a small muscle called coracobrachialis and the pectoralis minor muscle (underneath pectoralis major, the main 'pecs'). In addition, a tough ligament connects the coracoid process with the acromion. The socket portion of the scapula that contacts the humerus is called the 'glenoid fossa,' but rather than looking like a true socket, the glenoid fossa is more open with the appearance of a saucer or rather like a golf tee with the humeral head as the golf ball. The reason for the openness is to permit a large range of motion in the joint. The downside to this large range of motion is the propensity of the shoulder to dislocate. A dislocation occurs when the humeral head moves beyond the confines of the glenoid fossa and slips over the lip of the saucer (your golf ball falls off the tee). When any muscle acts across a joint, opposing muscles are contracted as well to stabilize the joint. Imbalances in strength between opposing muscles can potentially lead to injuries. With the shoulder, the anatomy is not as simple as a one dimensional joint (such as the elbow). Movement of the shoulder requires many different muscles to create the movement as well as other muscles to stabilize the shoulder joint. In addition, since the shoulder blade is only attached (by other bones) to the upper arm and collar bone at one end, the blade portion must be held fixed by additional muscles. For example, serratus anterior (best seen in a well muscled, lean individual) is a small group of muscles that arises from the rib cage in front just below the pecs with the muscle bellies extending up and around to the back and disappearing underneath the lats. Serratus anterior attaches to the scapula along the edge closest to the middle of the back. Serratus's job is to prevent the shoulder blade from winging during shoulder movements; in other words, serratus pins the scapula to the back and so serves to stabilize the joint during movements. As discussed above, the shoulder joint has an extremely wide range of motion. A key structure supporting the shoulder joint is the rotator cuff. The rotator cuff is concerned with two major functions, rotating the shoulder and cuffing the joint 5,34. Rotation may not appear as an obvious movement with regard to the shoulder. To visualize shoulder rotation, place your arm at your side and bend the elbow to 90o, as if to shake hands, but maintain the upper arm against your side and keep you palm in (thumb up). Keeping your upper arm against your side, bring your forearm and hand across your body to rest your palm on your stomach. That movement is internal shoulder rotation (the upper arm bone, the humerus, is rotating relative to the shoulder; internal is used to denote a movement towards the midline of the body). A more extreme form of internal rotation is to place the back of your hand on the small of your back, again with your elbow bent at 90o. Now keeping your elbow bent, lift your hand away from your body. One muscle of the rotator cuff, subscapularis arises from the underneath side of the shoulder blade (the side against the rib cage) and attaches to the humerus in such a way as to produce rotation of the humerus when contracted. If the lifting of your hand away from your back produces extreme pain or is simply impossible to perform, injury to this muscle (or a tear in its tendon) may be the source. This problem requires medical attention. The opposite motion to internal rotation is external rotation (rotating your forearm away from your stomach with your upper arm against your side) and is produced by contracting two other muscles of the rotator cuff group, infraspinatus and teres minor. These muscles also arise from the shoulder blade, but on the outer side, and also attach to the humerus. These three muscles are responsible for shoulder rotation, but the rotator cuff complex has four muscles and this is where the cuff component is involved. The fourth muscle is called supraspinatus and arises over the top of the shoulder blade (in the supraspinous fossa) and crosses the shoulder joint traveling underneath the acromion and attaching to the humerus just below the humeral head. Altogether, these four muscles (the three true rotators and supraspinatus) are the innermost set of muscles surrounding the shoulder joint and form a cuff around the joint. Bearing in mind the shallow nature of the glenoid fossa and the propensity for the humeral head to dislocate, the contraction of all four muscles forms a tight wall around the lip of the socket to help hold the humeral head in position (centered in the glenoid fossa) 5. During almost any shoulder movement, these muscles are contracting to stabilize the joint throughout the movement by maintaining the humeral head centered in the glenoid fossa 34. When you throw an object, the entire movement is designed to throw your arm away from your body. The object is thrown because you release your grip on it. Your arm and shoulder joint stay in place because the rotator cuff is holding the upper arm bone in place. This is why rotator cuff injuries are so devastating to baseball pitchers; a strong, intact rotator cuff is needed to allow for high velocity pitches without injuring the shoulder joint. Weakness or worse, injury to the rotator cuff can place undue stress on the shoulder joint during heavy lifting routines (because the humeral head does not stay centered in the glenoid fossa). Strengthening the rotator cuff muscles, particularly the three involved with rotation is straightforward and basically involves movements as described above for internal and external rotation, but with light weights while lying on your side. The remaining muscle, the supraspinatus, is less straightforward and unfortunately, much advice over the years has served to compound problems 30, especially for those who are anatomically predisposed to have problems in the first place.

Fish Oil

Obesity is of increasing concern in health issues in the world, surpassed only by cancer and heart disease. Dietary fat is often implicated as the primary root cause of the prevalence of obesity in developed countries. However, research continues to mount that support all fat is not evil. While high intakes of saturated fat and cholesterol are highly correlated with obesity, insulin resistance and heart disease, other fats are gaining respect as actually attenuating these factors. The most favorable fat in recent research is fish oil.

What Are The Benefits?

The benefits of a diet comprised mostly of polyunsaturated fats are well documented. The essential fatty acids omega-3, 6, and 9 must be obtained from food sources. These fatty acids are the precursors for several classes of hormones and comprise most of our cell membranes. Studies are now suggesting that the omega-3 fatty acids are our friends in a number of ways. Since our modern diet typically is high in omega-6 fatty acids and low in omega-3 acids, it may prudent to increase our consumption of foods that contain a higher amount of omega-3 fatty acids. The richest source of omega-3 fatty acids is fish oil from cold water fish.
Omega-3 fatty acids improve insulin action and glucose metabolism in fat and muscle cells. The fatty acids in the phospholipid layer of cell membranes determine the physiochemical properties of the membranes. This in turn influences the cellular functions, especially hormone responsiveness. Increasing the membrane content of polyunsaturated fatty acids increases membrane fluidity and the binding of many hormones to their respective receptors, thereby increasing their action.
They also decrease plasma triglyceride levels. This is hypothesized and supported by studies to play a role in increasing insulin action. It involves fuel switching due to increased utilization of glucose. It is also thought that fish oil supplementation reduces insulin secretion.
Another important aspect is that a diet derived mostly of it fatty acids from fish oils (high 0-3:0-6/9) was shown to reduce white adipose tissue mass, or body-fat, significantly. This has been demonstrated repeatedly in rat models, and also in humans. While omega-3's also increased thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue in rats, that probably has less significance for humans. However, they have detected much lower levels of enzyme activity for fatty acid synthesis in fish oil fed rats (and in vitro human fat cells) than in those fed diets with omega-6, omega-9 and saturated fats. Rats fed diets with omega-3 lost more fat mass (and had much lower triglyceride levels) than those fed a low-fat, high carb diet that was matched for calories.
They have shown in both rats and humans that the composition of adipose fatty acids basically resembles the fatty acid composition of the diet. However, those eating diets high in fish oil EPA and DHA (omega-3's) were not stored in the adipose tissue in similar proportion to the concentrations in the diet. Therefore, these fatty acids may be preferentially oxidized and not stored. Thus, such rapid fatty acid oxidation might prevent a significant portion of lipid accumulation.
Other Benefits

The other positive benefit is the consumption of a diet high in 0-3 induced an increase in UCP2 in white adipose tissue. Increased UCP2 uncoupling is associated with reductions in body weight and white adipose tissue.
Interestingly, a reduction of leptin levels, the fat-stat hormone, was reported with high omega-3 consumption. However, as most of the researchers stated in these studies, this may be an artifact simply due to the reduction in fat mass (leptin is secreted by fat cells).
However, in the studies that reported this, they also demonstrated a sustained decrease in appetite and no change in energy expenditure concomitant with decreased leptin levels, which indicates that decreased leptin levels may not be a concern unless they become acutely low, such as in a lean person. In that case, rotation or a blend of fatty acid sources would be necessary. But considering that our diet typically contains a high ratio of o-6:o-3, that may still be a moot point.

Melatonin

1. What is it and where does it come from?

N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, or melatonin, is hormone produced naturally by the body in the pineal gland of the brain. The release of melatonin correlates with the body's cycle of day and night.
The highest levels of the hormone are produced at night. Trace amounts of melatonin appears in foods.
2. What does it do and what scientific studies give evidence to support this?

Melatonin may play an essential role in sleeping and much more. As light inhibits its production, and darkness stimulates it, melatonin regulates the body's internal clock. Double blind research shows that this hormone helps people sleep, shortens the number of awakenings in the night, and improves the quality of sleep. It is also very useful in treating jet lag, as it promotes quicker recovery from that "out of it" stage one may experience after extended periods of flight. Research has also shown that having enough melatonin exhibits positive psychological benefits on a person's mood.
3. Who needs it and what are some symptoms of deficiency?


Frequent travelers and those who work rotating shifts could benefit by taking melatonin supplements. Sleep is definitely important to weight-trainers, bodybuilders, and athletes, as muscles grow and repair during sleep. Melatonin has been used by millions of people to gain quality rest on a more consistent basis.
4. How much should be taken? Are there any side effects?
Levels of melatonin intake should vary with a person's age. The body produces some melatonin naturally during sleep and many doctors and experts recommend a level similar to the body's own production, between one to three milligrams taken two hours or one-half hour before a person wants to go to sleep. Melatonin should not be taken during the day. Some uncommon side effects are reports of grogginess, sleepwalking, and disorientation. Pregnant or breast-feeding women should not take it. All in all, melatonin has great sleep promoting effects.

7 Steps To Brutal Arms

If your arms have not improved over the past year, whatever you're doing in the gym is obviously not working. So-and-so many sets of barbell curls, followed by some dumbbell curls and a couple of sets of skullcrushers and tricep pressdowns - sound familiar? Well, it's time to do something drastic or you'll be stuck forever. Here are 7 steps that will give you a kick in the pants so you get back into the growth zone!

7 Steps To Kick Start Growth

Step 1: Assessment.
Bring out your training log and step back, looking at it as if you were reading someone else's. What you're looking for is stuff like favorite, ineffective exercises (identified as showing up frequently but always having the same weight and reps), stupid combinations (why first do preacher curls with a barbell and then do the exact same thing with a plate-loaded preacher machine while skipping dumbbell hammer curls?) and lack of variation from workout to workout.
Heck, pretend it's some cocky schmuck you'd like to put in his place, so be cruelly honest - the more mistakes you can dig up, the better. Every mistake you find brings you one step closer to getting some productive workouts for a change.
Step 2: Out With The Old, In With The New.
When studying the training log you probably spotted a number of exercises that show up just a little too frequently. I bet these coincide with exercises where you're either naturally strong and can use a lot of weight, or have a neat machine that you like to use. Well, not anymore. Cut them entirely for a month and only use exercises that you normally avoid.
Habit is one of the biggest enemies of progress, right up with laziness andovertraining, so smash that comfortable routine of yours with a vengeance. Hate forearm rolls, cable hammer curls and dips? Tough luck, you're doing them now! After a month or so you can bring back your old favorites, rotating them through your workout like you would any other exercise.
Step 3: Getting The Balance Right.
It's a classic mistake to focus primarily on biceps for arm growth. Sure, they look impressive once you get a nice peak worked up, but they're literally the tip of the iceberg. To get the kind of biceps you want you must train the brachialis, which is located UNDER the biceps and pushes it up. In addition, triceps make up almost two-thirds of the total arm thickness, and let's not forget the importance of the forearms to avoid "reverse-Popeye"-syndrome (beefy upper arms and twig-like forearms).
Furthermore, biceps is a relatively small muscle that grows best with a hit-hard-and-brief approach, so avoid the 16 set bicep workouts and spread the time and efforts appropriately. For example, 6 sets for biceps (making sure 2 of them hit brachialis), 8 sets for triceps and 4 sets for forearms is a reasonable split. See the sample workout for how such a setup could work.
Step 4: Timing & Frequency.
Overtraining arms is easily done. You often involve biceps and forearms during back training, with triceps getting a beating on chest day. If you're on a split that has you train through the entire body twice per week you could be hitting the same muscles almost every day, directly or indirectly. If you've read my articles in the past you know that I advocate a less-is-more approach of training each muscle group once per week as soon as you're past the beginner-stage. That should decrease the risk of overtraining considerably.
As for timing, keep your workouts short and brief: 30-45 mins is ideal, anything over 60 mins is borderline counterproductive. Last but not least, don't forget to use periodization so that you cycle between low-rep/high-rep training. Click here to read more about periodization.
Step 5: Pump Up The Intensity.
With a 30-45 min window (not counting warmup and stretching) you have to move pretty fast between exercises. You shouldn't have to walk around with a stopwatch, but aim for about a minute of rest between sets. Compound exercises like squats and deadlifts require a few minutes to catch your breath, but small muscles like those found in the arms recover relatively quickly - hit'em hard, then hit'em again to keep the intensity up.
You may also want to include some specific intensity boosters, such as forced reps, negatives, drop-sets and controlled cheating, to trigger that extra growth.
Step 6: Checking Secondary Factors.
Looking beyond the gym, try to see if you're short-changing yourself elsewhere in your life. Do you consistently get 8 or more hours per sleep per night? If not, you're robbing yourself of natural growth hormones and additional recovery. Do you eat enough calories every day?
Most bodybuilders know to eat enough protein, but that's not enough - you need a surplus of calories for the muscles to grow. If you've stayed the same weight for a while, try adding 500 calories per day and adjust as necessary. Just keep an eye on the gut - measure it with a measuring tape first thing every Monday morning.
Step 7: Track & Reassess.
The measuring tape comes in handy for tracking the progress of your arms too. Flex and measure at its thickest - repeat once a month to make sure you're making gains. If you gain a quarter-inch one month, half an inch the next, and then nothing for 4 months you know it's time to go back to Step 1 and figure out what's going on. This kind of frequent reassessment makes helps you avoid slipping back into the comfort zone.